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Several researchers have already reviewed some works related to the VRF system. Aynur [6] wrote a review paper from relevant 33 papers in the VRF field on the experiment and modeling work until 2010. Patel et al. [7] wrote a short article and included 10 cases in 2015, which conclude that the VRF system''s energy-saving potentials are …
Author Main idea Year Ref. Abhat Low temperature latent heat thermal energy storage 1983 [2] Hasnain Sustainable thermal energy storage technologies 1998 [3], [4] Zalbaet al. Thermal energy storage with PCMs: materials, heat transfer analysis and applications
Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) systems are garnering attention as high-efficiency air conditioning technologies that contribute to the realization of a …
Exergy analysis of ice storage air-conditioning system with heat pipe during charging period Energy Sustain Dev (2010) Y.H. Yau et al. ... In addition, due to the utilization of hybrid PV/thermal energy and the smoothing effect of …
The energy industry needs to take action against climate change by improving efficiency and increasing the share of renewable sources in the energy mix. On top of that, refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump equipment account for …
In a power system with a high proportion of renewable energy, sudden increases in wind power or photovoltaic output can lead to huge challenges, such as difficulties in accommodating excess renewable energy and imbalances between supply and demand on the grid. As an important adjustable resource on the demand side, air …
Based on the literature survey and to the best of the authors'' knowledge, no recent review has been conducted on the VCRS for summarizing, describing, and comparing these technologies in depth till now. The latest review on the VCRS was made by Park et al. [10] in 2015, but it was mainly focused on the configuration of the VCRS, such …
In hot and humid regions, the use of air-conditioned rooms with high air tightness in residential buildings can reach the standard of absolute comfort, but it has also led to the so-called "sick building" and a sharp increase in energy consumption of …
An optimal scheduling model of aggregate air-conditioners based on equivalent energy storage model is established. • Discrete temperature-set-point control realized through …
In this study, considering the thermal energy storage air-conditioning system, three types can summary the demand response strategies: (i) utilizing demand-side flexibility, which means with temperature reset; (ii) utilizing supply-side flexibility, which …
Comparison of demand limiting and load leveling operating modes of ice cold energy storage (ICES) in an air-conditioning system
Q l, dc = A ST T amb − T dc R th t dc where T dc is the discharging temperature. 3.2. Exergy analysis ... Four E analysis and multi-objective optimization of an ice thermal energy storage for air-conditioning applications …
Thermal energy storage is considered as a proven method to achieve the energy efficiency of most air conditioning (AC) systems. Technologies for cold storage were also considered and the experience gained in USA and Canada summarized, with a conclusion made that cold storage technologies could be successfully used for AC in …
Amongst energy storage systems, compressed-air energy storage (CAES) has often been proposed as an environmentally and technically feasible option. The first CAES plant in Huntdorf, built in 1978, was aimed at conciliating variable grid energy demand with constant electric energy production from large nuclear or coal power plants …
The experimental results show that the control logic of constant temperature difference air-water combined adjustment can avert the disadvantages of "a large flow rate and small temperature difference" of air-conditioning terminal equipment, and maintain the temperature difference of the central air-conditioning system within a …
Highlights Temperature and humidity independent control (THIC) system is an attractive HVAC mode. We test the THIC system performance in an office building in Shenzhen. Such system provides a comfortable indoor environment even in hot and humid climate. The COP of the entire THIC system reaches 4.0, much higher than conventional …
Fresh air and passenger loads significantly affect energy performance of the system. • The air-conditioning systems mainly switch between half cooling and ventilation. • A temperature control strategy in car has a great influence on energy consumption. • The
Liquid Crystal Thermography. An example of a simulation run is shown in the image below. Initially, the test section was modeled as a 2-D parallel plate channel, however after further investigation, the system should be modeled as a 3-D square duct. Data collection will be completed with a camera to photograph the LCT sheet on the thin ...
Therefore, the peak power consumption of air-conditioning has gradually become the primary threat to the power grid''s security and has caused a divergence between power supply and power demand. Relying on expanding power generation facilities to meet the short-term peak power demands of air-conditioning requires …
Air conditioning plays a critical role in facilitating control of the internal environment of buildings to give preferred room temperatures with better air quality. There was a 6% growth of the global electricity demand in 2021 due to the economic recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic and due to incidence of extreme weather in 2021 [1].
Performance of temperature and humidity independent control air-conditioning system in an office building Energy Build., 43 ( 2011 ), pp. 1895 - 1903 View PDF View article View in Scopus Google Scholar
Increasing the pressure of the air forces its molecules closer together which ultimately leads to condensation as the air temperature is reduced. • The isentropic efficiency of the pump and ...
Compressed air energy storage, high-temperature TES, and large-size batteries are applied to the supply side. Small size batteries and TES are technologies coupled to the demand side. In addition to the complexity of the demand/supply sides, other design factors must be addressed in order to enjoy efficient, cost-effective, and clean …
Energy consumed by HVAC (heating, ventilating and air conditioning) systems represents a considerable part of the energy consumed in buildings. This paper focuses on achieving energy efficiency, through automatic control strategies, of HVAC systems in the biopharmaceutical industry, a sector little covered by previous studies, …
The energy efficiency of room air conditioner is affected by the non-uniform indoor temperature distribution. This paper focused on both indoor environments and energy efficiency simultaneously, which provides a new research method and the optimization targets for room air conditioners.
The integration of cold energy storage in cooling system is an effective approach to improve the system reliability and performance. This review provides an overview and recent advances of the cold thermal energy storage (CTES) in refrigeration cooling systems and discusses the operation control for system optimization.
The software for the constant temperature difference controller was custom-developed. The control logic mentioned in BERC [32, 33, 46], shown in Fig. 3.This adjustment method allowed for the air-water combined adjustment of the surface heat exchanger with a ...
A careful analysis of this cited work suggested that a fixed-output air conditioner was used in its experimental comparison. 25.1% to 73.5% energy savings of air conditioners are achievable. The optimized design, especially the use of fuzzy control in the cloud, can achieve a high energy saving ratio while ensuring the comfort of …
A building model is created with measurement data and extended to seven grain storage ecological zones to assess potential electricity savings and temperature …
The presented research illustrates the characteristics of Temperature and Humidity Independent Control (THIC) system with different fresh-air handling methods through engineering case studies. National Standard of …
This work presents findings on utilizing the expansion stage of compressed air energy storage systems for air conditioning purposes. The proposed …
Cold thermal energy storage (CTES) is a cost-efficient storage approach for PV powered air-conditioning systems in tropical buildings. However, the feasibility and performance of different CTESs, including chilled water storage, ice storage, PCM cooling storage, and building thermal storage, are still unclear for off-grid PV air-conditioned …
In this study, a concept of energy storage based on Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) is presented, with proposed designs to improve the performance based on the heat transfer fluid. The heat generated from the compression of ambient air during the charging stage is usually stored in the heat storage tank and later used for power …
Efficient and effective thermal management of Li-ion battery pack for electric vehicle application is vital for the safety and extended-life of this energy storage system. In this paper, the thermal management system of a …
[1] Liu X.H. and Xie X.Y. 2008 Independent temperature and humidity control air conditioning system and performance analysis J. Construction Science and Technology 24 21-23 Google Scholar [2] Chen T.T. 2016 Applicability and energy efficiency of temperature and humidity independent control systems based on dual cooling …
Ice thermal storage systems are used in a variety of industries, including food processing, air conditioning, and building energy conservation (Zhao et al., 2020, Sidik et al., 2018, Sheikholeslami and Farshad, 2021, Sheikholeslami et …
This is of great significance for energy saving in refrigeration and air conditioning fields. If the strength problem can be further improved by simple preparation methods, it will be a promising anti-frosting technique to deal with the phenomenon of frost formation in refrigeration and air conditioning fields.
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